LLB Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

LLB - Assignment Example The author asks Kaplan why he believes that the Balanced Scorecard had become so entrenched in the business world and its internal process and matrix. To which Kaplan sites what he feels is the tremendous communication gap between those creating the strategy and vision of the company at the top, and those that are attempting to implement that strategy on the front lines and in the real world at the bottom, so to speak. Kaplan states that the Balanced Scorecard helps to bridge the gap between the vision of upper management and the implementation of that vision into strategy by the staff. When asked if this system is still useful today and not â€Å"passà ©Ã¢â‚¬  as others have said, Kaplan responds by stating that book sales are still high and the attendance at Balanced Scorecard conferences are growing. He also sites that many countries Asia are implementing the technique in their larger organizations and he has also seen a rise of its use in many non-profit companies both here and abroad. Kaplan also believes that many companies are still struggling with getting their strategies out into practical business practice and that these companies have failed to utilize most of the non-financial metrics in their business evaluations, leaving them in the dust as far as any progress is concerned. He is currently working on another concept called a Strategy Map, which will hopefully guide companies along the process of strategy implementation. Kaplan believes that the Balanced Scorecard will be a valuable business tool for many years to come and he would like to see much more research done in the area of creating excitement and greater participation by employees to help them with the task of strategy implementation. By giving employees proper motivation he believes that any strategy can succeed, and will certainly fail without

What are the Strategic Issues Facing Marks & Spencer and what strategy Essay

What are the Strategic Issues Facing Marks & Spencer and what strategy should they follow next - Essay Example The two merged to form a chain of small penny stalls under the retail name of Marks and Spencer plc. Michael Marks was succeeded by his son Simon Marks in the running of the stalls. Simon Marks, soon turned around of the bazaars into fully fledged stalls and introduced the St. Michael’ Logo which was used as a distinct sign of quality on all the Marks and Spencer products. With over 885 stores in 40 territories,600 in the UK and survey data showing that one in every three British women were wearing on of the Marks & Spencer range of bras, Marks and Spencer was officially recognized as being the largest clothing retailer in the UK. In 2010, a new CEO was appointed to head the company and the CEO was immediately besieged with a myriad of issues associated with continuing the challenges of strategic change and reassessing the company’s competitive strategy. Challenges Facing Marks & Spencer. Some of the internal issues facing Marks and Spencer include insufficient levels o f communication between the Board and the investors. Examples of this situation include the announcement by Stuart Rose in April 2008 declaring his taking over the joint role as both the company CEO and also as the chair of the board of directors. This move proved to be quite unpopular, since it was in breach of the advice that the company got from the combined code of corporate governance. The body provides a, code that is voluntarily followed by most of the FTSE 100 companies. The moved proved to be immediately unpopular with investors, who deemed that Rose was now holding too much power. This is especially since the move by a single person, to hold the combined roles, had previously proved to be dangerous. There were also fears that it could prove to be detrimental once again. Rose overlooked all these concerns and proceeded with the appointment (Hill & Jones 2010). In the first half of the year 2009, Rose and his marketing director awarded themselves an enormous ?1 million packa ge in the form of bonuses and shares. The move was opposed by investors and, Rose and his Marketing Director were forced to give up the package in order to try and appease the discontented shareholders. Louise Patten also came under fire, and there was a motion to block her reappointment for signing off the bonuses. In the July 2009 AGM, Rose narrowly survived a motion of no confidence by investors who were concerned about his joint role as both the company CEO and Chairing the board of directors. Over 40 percent of the investors had voted against the reappointment of Rose as Chair. Rose was in the limelight once again when in May 2010, the investors expressed their frustration with the board after, when without any shareholder consultations whatsoever, the board negotiated an impressive golden hello deal for the new CEO Bolland, amounting to ? 7.5 million in the form of cash as well as shares. The deal was criticized by many critics as being excessive and credited with giving Bolla nd a less than perfect start to his tenure at Marks and Spencer plc. (Collis) Among the corporate issues facing the company include the announcement by Rose in July 2009, stating his intention to stand down as the company CEO, but not as the Chair of the board until 2011. This move was seen by investors as having the probability of creating an almost impossible leadership task for Mark Bolland, the incoming CEO with Rose and the Marks and Spencer plc board looking set to remain in their capacities for the medium term. The inability by Marks and Spencer to break into the mid-age demographic, and its over reliance on the 55years+ demographic which comprised of nearly two thirds of its customers was also criticized by Tony Shiret in 2009. The launch of the (GIVe) range of

Prime TV, New Zealand Strategies for Customer Attention

Prime TV, New Zealand Strategies for Customer Attention introduction to media studies PART 1 Introduction Prime TV is one of the oldest news channels in New Zealand that has managed to gain a large customer share in the market. A lot of people get information and entertainment from this channels and the most important fact is that it has become so popular that today it is the â€Å"word of mouth† in the whole world. The following paper explains the strategies used by Prime to grab and retain customer attention. Question 1: The introductory title, music, graphics and images of the news are all designed in such a way that they tend to grasp the attention of the users. A strategy used by Prime to do this is to portray real pictures or real life experiences of people. This means that Prime is always interested in hearing from people what they saw or what they felt about a particular instance and then portraying the same thing to other users. Similarly, with regards to the graphics and visionary effects created by Prime, it is clearly visible that they are distinctive and attracting so that they can convince people to watch them. This holds true for all sorts of dramas, news, reality shows and other sport related programs. The example shows the use of distinctive graphics, catchy colors and striking illustration to grab viewer’s attention. Question 2: The number, appearance and style of the presenters are also designed in a unique way. Apart from the graphical and visual effects of news, Prime has also focused on the efficient way in which the presenters deliver those news to the users. The style, appearance and number of the presenters portraying the news have been designed in such a way that could give more authenticity, credibility and reliability to the news. This makes Prime more prominent than other similar channels in the same capacity. The major presenters are Eric Young, Alistair Wilkinson and Charlotte Bellis. All of them are from highly professional journalism backgrounds and then expression, their style of speaking, their postures, their gestures and their tone are all good enough to convince people to watch the news. Thus, it can be said that the strength of Prime is multidimensional. On the one hand, the news are designed in a perfect way to capture attention and on the other hand, the presenters have an excellent tone and expression. Both of these factors collectively add to the success of Prime and maintain its strong position among other competitor TV channels. Question 3: The language, vocabulary and general discourse used to describe various news events is highly distinguishable and unique. The headlines of the news are written in such a way that they grab reader’s attention instead of describing a general abstract which is already known to the public. This can be illustrated by using an example of news from TV3: â€Å"Silent Leadership channel coming up† This news creates some sort of curiosity and suspense among the readers and convinces them to click on and read the actual news. In the original description, TV 3 has used highly professional vocabulary and expression to portray what is expected to be the future of leadership. For example: the author of the news says that the aim is to change the present attitudes towards those people who are hearing impaired. After describing why it needs to be done, the news promoted a general discourse in such a way that by the end of this news description, the reader is convinced to change his mind towards charity. This means that the TV 3 or Prime news are designed in such a way that they become different and catchy in the beginning and descriptive and convincing in the end. Question 4: Sometimes, the viewers agree to the assumptions made by the news programs and thus, it can be said that these news programs are quite convincing for the people. An important factor that is used to convince people is appeals. There can be appeals to logic, appeals to character, and appeals to reasoning, emotions and so on and so forth. The examples of Prime show that in news related to sports and entertainment, usually the appeal to characters is used. This is done by giving description about some famous sportsman, some celebrity and so on. In the example related to leadership described in the above question, emotional appeal has been used by the news makers. The news describes that hearing loss is becoming quite common in New Zealand particularly in workplaces. The description of news tells about preventive measures to control this hearing loss by describing what would happen if precautionary measures are not taken. Thus, we can say that hearing is important for every person and hearing loss is a big disease and problem. Therefore; this news has targeted at people through using an emotional appeal which means that Prime and TV 3 are using appeals as a strong tool to convince people in certain direction. Thus, the above analysis indicates how Prime has maintained its strong position by gaining attention from a large number of customers in the market. Part 2 Campbell live is a New Zealand current affairs TV program which involves series of 30 minutes each. These short news programs are shown at 7p.m from Monday to Friday and their host is John Campbell. These documentaries follow a typical pattern or sequence of stories and discussions that are shown to the people. The prominent feature is that the host as well as other presenters make use of their efficient personal style and tone to make this show a great success. Some of the major presenters are Auckland, Jendy Harper, Dan Parker, Rebecca Wright and so on. Firstly, the topics selected for this show are different and attractive for the customers. After this, these topics are discussed and explored in such a way that they could provide maximum information and critical analysis to the people. The host himself adds to the credibility of the show. His style, tone and expression are such that he grabs attention of his viewers through discussion. His basic quality is that he promotes a healthy discussion and discourse among the competitors involved. Interaction is the best way to encourage discussion among the people. Thus, it can be said that by promoting interaction, John Campbell has made his program very popular and attractive for his viewers. Another important aspect is the structure of 30 minute program. From beginning to end, the whole program is designed in such a way that there exists a proper flow of information in the discussion. This structure is efficient in a single program as well as in the whole series from Monday to Friday 7 p.m. The Campbell Live consists of national as well international news. From a diverse range of topics for example: recorded stories, interviews, news material, events and happenings, current affairs and so on. Thus, it can be said that all of these factors collectively contribute towards the success of the program. This impact can be proved by exploring the following example: What does the future hold for legal highs? This show was displayed on the Campbell series of 28th April, 2014 which explains the impact of synthetic cannabis on the lives of people. This case study shows that the host as well as the presenters focused on communities and people throughout the country. The discussion showed that Campbell had travelled across the country to illustrate the examples he described in his show. The other presenters also gave their viewpoints on the subject in a proper sequence. Thus, it can be said that the narrative of this cases study was structured in a highly interactional way. This was not a one sided story rather an effort had been made to describe both sides of the story. It explains the impact on community as well as their reaction. Conclusion Thus, the above mentioned analysis indicates that Prime TV and News 3 have been highly focused in terms of their structure, style and portrayal of news. The use of strategies have been deployed according to the need and type of the news being described. Moreover, by using the case study example from Campbell Live, the paper also showed the role of presenters in the delivery of these news programs. Hence, it can be concluded that the way news is structured can play an important part in shaping the opinions and views of the people and society at large.

Nursing and Biomedical Research :: Health Care, Nurses

With unparalleled technological advancement, nursing and bio-medical research, and the present healthcare environment, nurses must be cognisant of their professional and personal views of ethics. Ethics are standards of behaviour, developed as a result of ones concept of right and wrong (Judson & Harrison, 2010), and are intended to influence the actions of healthcare professionals. Ethical principles help guide the decision-making process among healthcare workers in complicated situations. [Therefore] we cannot understand nursing unless we also understand ethics (Gallagher & Wainwright, 2005) There are many different ethical theories which can mainly be divided into three groups. These are Duty based, Goal based and Rights based theories. Deontology is a duty based ethical theory. This means that a moral person must always do their duty and must perform them â€Å"without exception, whatever the consequences† (Seedhouse, 2001). However, this theory has limitations and objections because it does not allow for conflict between duties, flexibility or compromises and these are all essential for health work. (Seedhouse, 2001) Goal based theories such as Utilitarianism, believe that what is morally right is determined by the good that is produced as the consequence of the action. The acts that achieved this were defined as â€Å"good† and those that produce â€Å"pain† were bad. (Rumbold, 2000) An objection with Utilitarianism is that because it is only concerned with the consequences, then even if an action was taken that was intentionally bad, it would still be ethically right if the eventual consequences were favourable. (Seedhouse, 2001) Dunbar (2003) states that there are four main ethical principles, these are beneficence, non-maleficence, justice and autonomy. The principle of beneficence is to do good for patients and to put their needs before your own (Rumbold, 1999 p217) and with beneficence comes the principle of non-maleficence meaning to do no harm. Rumbold (1999, p222) describes how in many nursing duties nurses have to â€Å"do harm† to our patients but only when it is alongside beneficence and the long-term goal is to do good by the patient. In not giving a patient assistance to eat their meals we are acting in a manner that these principles don’t support as there is no good that could arise from this. Beneficence is considered to be the caring ethic, as it guides us to work in the best interests of the patient but at the same time for the benefit of other patients, considering their rights to justice and fairness with their care (Kennedy, 2004).

Colligative Properties

Name: JOANNA CELESTE M. QUINTANA Date performed: NOV. 12, 2012 Section: C-1L Date submitted: NOV. 21, 2012 Group Number: 3 Exercise No. 2 COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES (Full Report) I. INTRODUCTION Colligative properties In liquid solutions, particles are close together and the solute molecules or ions disrupt intermolecular forces between the solvent molecules, causing changes in those properties of the solvent that depend in intermolecular attraction. For example, the freezing point of a solution is lower than that of the of the pure solvent and the boiling point is higher.Colligative properties of solution are those that depend on the concentration of solute particles in the solution, regardless of what kinds of particles are present the greater the concentration of any solute, the lower the freezing point and the higher the boiling point of a solution. FREEZING POINT LOWERING A liquid begins to freeze when temperature is lowered to the substance’s freezing point and the first few molecules cluster together into a crystal lattice to form a tiny quantity of solid.As long as both solid and liquid phases are present at the freezing point, the rate of crystallization equals the rate of melting and there is a dynamic equilibrium. When a solution freezes, a few molecules of solvent cluster together to form pure solid solvent and a dynamic equilibrium is set up between the solution and the solid solvent. In the case of a solution, the molecules in the liquid in contact with the solid solvent are not all solvent molecule.The rate at which molecules move from solution to solid is therefore smaller that in the pure liquid to achieve dynamic equilibrium there must be a corresponding smaller rate of escape of molecules from solid crystal lattice. This slower rate occurs at a lower temperature and so the freezing point of the solution is lower than that of liquid solvent. The change in freezing point ? Tf is proportional to the concentration of the solute in the same way as the boiling point elevation. ?Tf = Kf ? msolute ? ?soluteHere also, the proportionality constant Kf depends on the solvent and not the kind of solute and isolute represents the number of particles per formula unti of solute. For water, the freezing point constant is -1. 86 oC-kg/mole. Freezing point or melting point is the temperature of transition between solid and liquid. Melting point can be measured more accurately than freezing points. This is becauses so in freezing point measurements, supercooling may occur which would yield a lower than sslkdjs freezing (melting point).CHANGES IN VAPOUR PRESSURE: RAOULT’S LAW At the surface of an aqueous solution, there are molecules of water as well as ions or molecules from the solute. Water molecules can leave the liquid and enter the gas phase, exerting a vapour pressure. However, there are not as many water molecules at the surface as in pure water, because some of them have been displaced by dissolved ions or molecules/ ther efore, not as many water molecules are available to leave the liquid surface, and the vapour pressure is lower than that of pure water at a given temperature.From this analysis, it should make senses that the vapour pressure of the solovent above the solution, Psolvent, solution, that is , to their mole fraction. Thus, since Psolvent ? Xsolvent, we can write Psolvent = Xsolvent ? K (where K is a constant). This equation tells you that, if there are only half as many solvent molecules present at the surface of a solution as at the surface of the pure liquid, then the vapour pressure of the solvent above the solution will only be half as great as that of the pure solvent at the same temperature. If we are dealing only with pure solvent, the above equation becomes Posolvent = Xsolvent ?K where Posolvent is the vapour pressure of the pure solvent and Xsolvent is equal to 1. This means that Posolvent = K; that is, the constant K is just the vapour pressure of the pure sovent. Substitutin g for K in the foremost equation, we arrive at an equation called Raoult’s law: Psolvent = Xsolvent ? Posolvent If the solution contains more than one volatile component, then Raoult’s law can be written for any one such component, A, as PA = XA ? PoA Like this ideal gas law, Raoult’s law is a description of a simplified model of a solution.An ideal solution is one that obey Raoult’s law/ although most solution are not ideal, just as most gases are not ideal, we use Raoult’s law as good approximation to solution behaviour. In any solution, the mole fraction of the solvent will always be less than 1, so the vapour pressure of the solvent over an ideal solution (Psolvent) must be less than the vapour pressure of the pure solvent (Posolvent). This vapour pressure lowering, ? Psolvent, is given by ? Psolvent = Psolvent ? Posolventwhere Psolvent < Posolvent Boiling point elevationRaoult’s law tells us that the vapour pressure of the solvent over a solution must be lower than that of the pure solvent. Assume for example that you have a solution of a non-volatile solute in the volatile solvent benzene ? ? ? ? II. MATERIALS A. Reagents 4. 00 g naphthalene 0. 20 g unknown solute A unknown solute B (assigned amount per group) distilled water B. Apparatus 250-mL beaker 400-mL beaker 100-mL graduated cylinder test tubes thermometer iron stand, iron ring, iron clamp hot plate C. Other Apparatus wire gauze tissue paper graphing paper timer III. PROCEDURE Freezing Point of NaphthaleneIn a clean and dry test tube, 2. 0 g of naphthalene was weighed. To measure the temperature while heating, a thermometer was suspended by tissue paper at the mouth of the test tube. It was placed in a water bath with the water level above the sample in the test tube. To avoid the contact of the test tube to the bottom of the bath, it was supported by an iron clamp. The water bath was then heated until the entire sample has melted and until the temperatur e of the sample reached 90o C. The flame was put off and the temperature reading was recorded every 15 seconds until the temperature has fallen to 70oC.The set up was put aside for the next part of the experiment. Data gathered were tabulated and plotted for analysis and evaluation. Freezing Point Depression of Naphthalene Pre weighed 0. 20 g of unknown solute A was added to the previous set up of naphthalene. The same procedure was done with it. The thermometer was again suspended at the mouth of the test tube by tissue paper. With the help of iron clamp, it was again placed in a water bath, with the water level above the sample in the test tube, to avoid contact to the bottom of the bath.The water bath was then heated until the entire sample of unknown solute A and naphthalene has melted. When the temperature reached 90oC, the flame was put off. The temperature reading was recorded every 15 seconds until the temperature has fallen to 70oC. Data was also tabulated and plotted toget her with the data from freezing point of naphthalene. Boiling Point of Water In a 250-mL beaker, 100-mL of distilled water was boiled until it completely boiled. The temperature reading was recorded. In a separate 250-mL beaker, 0. 20 g of unknown solute B was dissolved in 100-mL distilled water.This was also heated until it finally boiled. The boiling point was also recorded. It was tabulated together with the boiling points of solutions with varying amounts of solute from other groups. Comparison was made for evaluation of the results. IV. DATA/OBSERVATIONS Table 1. 1. Observations on cooling of naphthalene at 15-second intervals. Time (sec. )Temperature (oC)Appearance 1590clear liquid 3090clear liquid 4587clear liquid 6086clear liquid 7585clear liquid 9085clear liquid 10584clear liquid 12084clear liquid 13583clear liquid 15083clear liquid 16582clear liquid 18081clear liquid 9581clear liquid 21080clear liquid 22580clear liquid 24079clear liquid 25579clear liquid 27078clear liquid 28577clear liquid 30077clear liquid 31576solidification 33075solidification 34575 36075 37575 39075 40575 42075 43575 45075 46575 48075 49575 51075 52575 54075 55575 57075 58575 60075 61575 63075 64574 66074 67574 69074 70574 72073 73573 75073 76572 78072 79571 81070 Mass of naphthalene used (g): 2. 00 g Table 1. 2. Observations on cooling of solution of naphthalene and unknown solute at 15-second interval. Time (sec. )Temperature (oC)Appearance 1590clear liquid 3090clear liquid 587clear liquid 6086clear liquid 7585clear liquid 9085clear liquid 10584clear liquid 12084clear liquid 13583clear liquid 15083clear liquid 16582clear liquid 18081clear liquid 19581clear liquid 21080clear liquid 22580clear liquid 24079clear liquid 25579clear liquid 27078clear liquid 28577clear liquid 30077clear liquid 31576clear liquid 33075 34575 36075 37575 39075 40575 42075 43575 45075 46575 48075 49575 51075 52575 Mass of naphthalene used (g): 2. 00 g mass of unknown solute B (g): 0. 20 g Table 1. 3. Data on freezing point depression of naphthalene. Mass of naphthalene used (g)2. 0 g Mass of unknown solute A used (g)0. 20 g Mass of solution (g)2. 20 g Freezing point of pure naphthalene (oC)75 oC Freezing point of solution (oC)73 oC Freezing point difference of pure naphthalene and of solution (oC) Molality of solution (mol/kg) Moles of solute used (mole) Molecular mass of solute (g/mole) Table 1. 4. Summary of data on boiling points of solutions with varying amounts of solute. Group No. Amount of solute B used (g)Boiling point (oC) –100 10. 5099. 0 21. 0090. 0 31. 5099. 5 42. 0099. 5 52. 50100 V. DISCUSSION ? ? ? ? VI. CONCLUSION ? VII. LITERATURE CITED/BIBLIOGRAPHY

Effective Communication Essay

Effective communication is essential for any Nursery settings too succeed. Its important to maintain effective communication within the nursery as this enables an open and honest approach between parents, children and staff. By using a simple tool called the 4Cs Model, which stands for Comprehension, Connection, Credibility, and Contagiousness are simple but effective way off communicating. It’s easy to understand and simple to apply to every piece of communication you produce at work whether it’s an email, newsletter PowerPoint. (Isabelle Albanese About.com Human Recourses). The 4Cs model is a useful tool for objectively evaluating the effectiveness of many forms of communication: what’s working, what isn’t working, and why.Effective communication is very important to every day work in a nursery we should implement skills that continuously develop to be able to use them effectively i.e.: newsletters, emails coffee morning with parents as this allows the staff to look beyond their self-interests and focus on what is best for the nursery. With the following here is a brief about how we can understand and implement the 4cs in the nursery setting, Comprehension making sure the message is clear and sharp, keeping it simple don’t go too deep. Connection amongst the staff is a vital aspect, it allows them to understand their reactions, wants, and needs through communication. When there is growth in the nursery there is constant change, it’s a great idea to get connected and stay connected amongst them selves and also with the parents and children. Credibility? the audience needs to believe who is saying it what is being said, and how it is being said. Otherwise, any connection begins to break down – immediately. Contagiousness ?In communications, contagiousness is a good thing. You want your audience to â€Å"catch the message,† run with it, and spread it around. To be contagious, a message has to be energetic, new, different, and memorable. It should also evoke a vivid emotional response. (Susan M. Heathfield).In the nursery setting staff collaboration is very  important for establishing positive relationships to respect and accept each other’s differences and work towards the common interest of the nursery. Also to promote direct and honest communication and engage in active listening with each other so the staff can reduce miscommunication, it will encourage them to share their needs with each other together as a team and will enable the company’s vision and explain that the key to realizing that vision is to work together as a unit. Here is a list of why staff should communicate in the work setting. * To maintain and promote good working relationships * To encourage the children to communicate effectively * To share knowledge and information * To ensure that everybody knows where they stand * To get their point across and ensure safety in the work environment * To help each other to understand how you are feeling and act accordingly * To work together * To prevent errors * Express your wants and needs * To help build and maintain trust * To negotiate and liaise with others (Claire Sherwood- Sunday, 25th September 2011) In nursery settings there will be huge numbers of messages every day. But effective communication is about more than just exchanging information; it’s also about understanding the emotion behind the information. Effective communication can improve relationships in the nursery settings work, and in social situations by deepening your connections to others and improving teamwork, decision-making, and problem solving. It enables you to communicate even negative or difficult messages without creating conflict or destroying trust.